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Life on the mountain: Mind over Matter
By Alissa Levy, CBC News Online

"I've talked to climbers who've been there and failed and their mission in life becomes to summit Everest. Something about that mountain is pulling these people back."
- George Martin, EverestNews.com

To climb Mount Everest is to walk willingly into the dangers of the world's highest mountain. If you take on the task you risk facing everything from nasty weather to the death of a teammate. Before reaching the top you may also face personal injury, meet sick or dying climbers, fight against altitude sickness and almost certainly come across the bodies of climbers who have died on past expeditions. At the highest altitudes on the mountain, with your body falling apart, you will have to make up your mind to continue or to retreat.

There's no one answer to why people put themselves in this position. There are harder mountains (K2) and there are more beautiful mountains (Ama Dablam is often cited) but at 8,850 m, Everest is just so much higher, and therefore more difficult to summit without oxygen, it's a challenge climbers can't get anywhere else.

"As I look around from the rock I am sitting on at Basecamp, I can see the magnificent landscape unfold before my eyes. There are so many unclimbed routes up so many mountains here in the Khumbu valley but they just don't hold the same draw that Mount Everest does."
- Byron Smith, April 26, 2000

For whatever reason, Everest does draw climbers, from all over the world, to its slopes and to its peak. Before the 2000 spring climbing season the summit had been reached 1072 times and 163 people had died on the mountain (data from EverestNews.com). Many of those who have reached the top say being successful is as much a mental strain as it is a physical one. A climber practically has to will his or her body to the top, and back down again, all the while fighting to keep a clear head and a clear focus. They won't allow the thought of failure to enter their mind.

"Until last year I can't say I had ever interviewed a climber who thought he was going to die, who thought it was a real probability. Everyone thinks the risk is because someone else made a mistake or that it won't happen to them. That seems to be the attitude of most climbers. Now after the death of Ginette Harrison, the great American-British female climber, and the death of Alex Lowe, I've seen a little bit of an attitude change. Climbers are starting to think: 'if death got Alex and it got Ginette, and boy there weren't too many people better, it could happen to me.'"
- George Martin, EverestNews.com

"The first body [I'd encountered] had left me badly shaken for several hours; the shock of encountering the second wore off almost immediately. Few of the climbers trudging by had given either corpse more than a passing glance. It was as if there were an unspoken agreement on the mountain to pretend that these desiccated remains weren't real - as if none of us dared to acknowledge what was at stake here."
- Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air

The possibility of danger may actually heighten a climber's awareness and concentration -- driving them to focus only on staying alive and accomplishing the goal. Time after time you'll hear mountain climbers describe themselves as "goal-oriented" or "driven." But the ones who survive know when to shut off the part of their brain that's driving them to the top and listen to the part that's telling them to get themselves down alive, whether or not the goal has been reached.

Want to know more?

"What it's really like" (Eric Simonson)

"When death goes live" (wired.com)

Climbing and Psychology

Lost on Everest, search for Mallory

Record of summits and deaths (EverestNews.com)

Record of summits and deaths (mnteverest.net)

Peakware World Mountain Encyclopedia

Since the mountain is so strong, climbers have to establish an equally strong pull to draw them back to safety. Byron Smith says it was his love for his family that kept him from risking a free climb in 1998, when the rope had not been fixed above the South Summit.

In his diaries of his 2000 expedition Byron mentions his wife and son just about every other day - saying the hardest thing about the expedition is not the thin air, or the cold, or the dangerous weather, but being away from his family.

George Martin of EverestNews.com has noticed a similar pattern with other climbers - the ones who have something to come home for are more likely to take a more conservative approach. They'll wait longer for good weather, prepare their equipment with extra care and be certain about their climbing partners.

"I do see climbers when they get married, a number of them, when they take that step, become more concerned about the issues. Just getting married and having a life seems to have an impact on their concern for their own welfare." George Martin, EverestNews.com

For the most important part of the climb - getting to the summit and back - climbers are on their own, but for just about everything else, teamwork is essential. Climbers who are counting on their own strength and wits to survive must also be willing to put trust in their fellow teammates. For climbers who think that the only way something will go wrong is if someone else makes a mistake, that trust can feel like a risky step. Each climber has to make a judgement call, not only on his or her own chances for survival but on the ability of their teammates as well.

"In climbing, having confidence in your partners is no small concern. One climber's actions can affect the welfare of the entire team. The consequences of a poorly tied knot, a stumble, a dislodged rock, or some other careless deed are as likely to be felt by the perpetrator's colleagues as the perpetrator. Hence it's not surprising that climbers are typically wary of joining forces with those whose bona fides are unknown to them."
- Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air

In an ideal world, climbers may prefer to work separately, reaching success completely on their own, but with the number of expeditions on Everest in the spring, you can't help but interact with other climbers - those on your team as well as those from other groups. Being successful means cooperating in the preparation and, when it counts, shutting out the group dynamics, the competitions and the egos and just getting to the top and back.

Questions Kids Ask
How common is it to discover the bodies of climbers who have died on previous expeditions? What kind of impact does it have on you?
Answer from Tim Rippel: Working as a mountain guide since 1982 and here in the Himalayas since 1991, I have seen my share of deaths and bodies while guiding. The first time, I actually watched someone get lost and spend the night and the next day outside. From where we were there was nothing we could do except watch through our binoculars as he just sat at the top of our route. More ...

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